Connect with us

Breaking News

The kidnap gangs, jihadists and separatists wreaking havoc in Nigeria

Published

on

BBC A bandit in Zamfara state dressed in dark blue and holding a gun over his shoulder walks away from the camera in a forested area.
Many of the bandits who are part of the criminal gangs of the north-west hide out in forested areas....TAP TO CONTINUE READING

Nigeria is currently grappling with a spate of mass abductions. But the vast country – bigger than France and Germany combined – also faces many other security challenges.

Recent attempts by US President Donald Trump and his supporters to frame the insecurity purely as the persecution of Christians overlooks the complexity of Africa’s most-populous nation.

There are more than 250 ethnic groups in Nigeria, which is roughly divided into a mainly Muslim north, a largely Christian south, with intermingling in the middle – and the government says people of all faiths have been victims of attacks.

There are criminal gangs in the north-west, an Islamist insurgency in the north-east, clashes over land in central regions and separatist unrest in the south-east – leaving the 400,000-strong army and the police force of 370,000 officers overstretched.

Here’s a breakdown of the main armed groups and flashpoints:
‘Bandits’ – kidnap gangs

These criminal gangs, known locally as “bandits”, are largely composed of people from the Fulani ethnic group, who traditionally make their living by raising animals. They have traded their pastoral tools for assault rifles, which have flooded Nigeria – and other states in the region – since Libya descended into anarchy following the overthrow in 2011 of long-time strongman Muammar Gadaffi by Nato-backed forces.

The gangs are not known to be motivated by any religious or political ideology, but see kidnapping people for ransom as a quick and easy way to make money rather than walking for miles with their livestock in search of water and grazing land.

They typically move in large numbers on motorcycles, which makes them highly mobile and allows them to strike quickly and escape before the security forces can respond – a tactic used during two recent school abductions.

There is no centrally organised leadership – each gang, often drawn from one family or a specific community, tends to be loyal to its own leader. The police have placed bounties on some of the notable leaders, including Ado Aleru and Bello Turji, and in 2022 the government designated the bandits as “terrorists” in a bid to stem their violence.

Aleru is from Yankuzo town – an area in the north-western state of Zamfara which has been a hub for bandit activity over the last three years.

The gangs, which sometimes fight one another, also travel to neighbouring states and central regions to carry out kidnappings. They also prey on their local communities and are indiscriminate in their ransom demands. In some areas, they tax residents.

Younger bandits, some in their teens, are increasingly taking to TikTok to show off their ransom money, guns and motorcycles – and have garnered thousands of followers.
Boko Haram – jihadist group

This Islamist militant group became infamous around the world in 2014 for kidnapping more than 200 schoolgirls from the village of Chibok – around 90 of whom remain missing.

It evolved from a local Islamist sect founded in 2002 by Mohammed Yusuf in the north-eastern city of Maiduguri with the official name of Jama’atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda’awati wal-Jihad and a political goal of creating an Islamic state. Local residents dubbed it Boko Haram – a name which in the Hausa language loosely translates as “Western education is forbidden” because of their opposition to Western-style schools.

Its full-blown insurgency was triggered in 2009 by the killing of Yusuf who had been taken into police custody after Boko Haram clashed with the security forces.

At one point under its new leader, Abubakar Shekau, Boko Haram controlled large swathes of territory in Nigeria’s north-east – and appointed “emirs” to administer some areas.

The Chibok girls were only a small fraction of the many thousands of women and children taken into captivity and forced into sexual slavery, domestic servitude or used as suicide bombers by the militants.

Boko Haram then split into rival factions. After the death of Shekau four years ago, its strength has diminished, however it still conducts regular attacks on both civilians and security forces.

Boko Haram has spawned a range of groups that use kidnapping to raise funds, focusing on soft targets such as schools, churches, mosques and remote villages where paved roads and bridges are either inadequate or absent.
Iswap – Boko Haram splinter group

Several Boko Haram commanders – including Abu Musab al-Barnawi, believed to be the son of Boko Haram founder Mohammed Yusuf – formed what became known as the Islamic State in West Africa Province (Iswap) in around 2016 as they felt Abubakar Shekau was violating Islamic doctrine by killing Muslims.

Boko Haram routinely targeted markets and mosques, often with suicide bombers. Iswap generally avoids attacking Muslim civilians and focuses on military and government targets.

Iswap is still locked in a violent turf war with Boko Haram, with reports of deadly clashes between the two groups around Lake Chad earlier this month. In fact, Shekau is said to have killed himself during a battle with Iswap, exploding a suicide vest.

It remains active and last week killed a Nigerian general, Brig Gen Musa Uba, after an ambush in Borno state.

Iswap commander Hussaini Ismaila was recently sentenced to 20 years in jail for multiple attacks in the northern city of Kano in 2012.

The north-eastern jihadist group was initially blamed for an attack on a Catholic church in the south-west of the country in June 2022 that killed at least 50 worshippers.

But prosecutors now believe it was a single cell linked to Somalia’s al-Shabab jihadist group that was responsible. Five men are currently on trial for the attack and it is alleged they went to Somalia for training.

No group has said it was behind the two recent school kidnappings in the north-west of Nigeria in Kebbi and Niger states, but the government believes that Boko Haram and Iswap are behind them, presidential spokesman Sunday Dare told the BBC.

But it is a claim disputed by some experts.

“I don’t think that’s accurate. There is no Iswap or Boko Haram cell resident in the north-west. The recent kidnappings, including the mass abductions, were carried out by bandits,” conflict analyst Bulama Bukarti told the BBC.
Ansaru – Boko Haram splinter group

This splinter group has moved away from the north-east, where Boko Haram and Iswap dominate, to carry out its operations.

It is believed to have participated in the 2022 attack on a high-speed train travelling between the capital, Abuja – in the centre of the country – and the city of Kaduna, about 200km (124 miles) north, in which at least seven people were killed and more than 100 commuters were abducted for ransom.

Its leader, Khalid al-Barnawi, was arrested in 2016 and is facing trial over several attacks, including the 2011 bombing of the UN building in Abuja. His trial is scheduled to resume in December 2025.
Mahmuda – suspected Boko Haram splinter group

Believed to be a breakaway faction of Boko Haram, it has set up in rural areas around Kainji Lake National Park in the west of the country since around 2020.

It is linked to the Islamic State group and has emphasised more moderate messaging in comparison to Boko Haram and proselytises in Hausa and other local languages to attract recruits.

The group has carried out targeted killings, often riding in on motorcycles and attacking markets, vigilante groups set up to protect villagers from bandits and local communities in the western state of Kwara. In April, its fighters killed several vigilantes and attacked a market there, killing Fulani men and others.

Their recent focus has shifted slightly north of Kwara – to Niger and Kebbi states – areas long plagued by bandit violence, where the two recent school abductions occurred.

A graphic showing people killed in armed attack across Nigeria from January 2014 to 21 November 2025, according to Acled.
Lakurawa – jihadist group

A relatively new Islamist militant group, Lakurawa has been attacking communities in Sokoto and Kebbi states in the north-west and in Niger, the country which borders Nigeria to the north.

The authorities say it maintains ties with jihadist networks in Mali and Niger, and members have settled among border communities, marrying locally and recruiting young people.

Initially presenting itself as a protector against the bandits that roam the north-west, the group has gradually imposed harsh controls – such as checking villagers’ phones for music, which is banned as it is considered un-Islamic, and flogging offenders.

It was declared a terrorist organisation in 2025 and accused of cattle rustling, kidnapping for ransom, hostage-taking and attacking top government officials.
JNIM – Sahel jihadist group

Active mainly in Mali and Burkina Faso, where it controls large areas, Jama’at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM), may be making inroads into Nigeria.

A confirmed JNIM attack in northern Benin early in 2025 occurred close to the Nigerian border. In October 2025, the group claimed what would be its first attack inside Nigeria, in Kwara – the same state where more than 30 worshippers were abducted from a church last week and which has also seen increasing incursions by bandits.

If JNIM activities are confirmed, it would complicate an already dire situation in parts of the country where Ansaru, Lakurawa, Mahmuda and the bandits are all active.
Herders v farmers – battles over resources

This long-running conflict in central Nigeria – also known as the Middle Belt – has devastated communities, fuelling displacement and the spread of small arms as both herders and farmers arm themselves for what has become a deadly cycle of reprisal attacks.

It has been framed by some as a religious fight, but the central grievance is over grazing rights – access to land and water.

The herders are mainly Fulani Muslims, while the farmers are largely Christians from various ethnic communities, although some are Muslim. Fulani families traditionally walk for hundreds of kilometres from the extreme north to central Nigeria and beyond at least twice a year to find land for their prized cattle.

But urbanisation has seen encroachment onto these age-old grazing routes and locals accuse the Fulani of letting their cattle trample their crops and forcing them out of their homes and fields.

Notable clashes have taken place in Kaduna, Plateau, Nasarawa, Benue and Taraba states. In order to try and curb the violence, some state governments have imposed anti-open grazing laws and set up ranches for the herders – but have faced resistance from all sides.

One fallout from the conflict is the establishment of ethnic militias that, in some cases, have turned to criminality, plundering the people they ostensibly claim to be protecting. Ethnic Tiv militias in Benue have been accused carrying out mass killings and some of their leaders have been killed or arrested by the security forces.
Ipob – separatist group

The separatist violence in the south-east has its roots in calls for Biafran independence that date back nearly 60 years to the brutal civil war that led to the deaths of up to a million people.

That rebellion was crushed but demands for an independent state for the Igbo people of the region continued as some Igbos continue to feel that they are marginalised by the Nigerian state.

The Indigenous People of Biafra (Ipob), led by Nnamdi Kanu, is one of the groups promoting that call for secession. In 2009 Kanu launched Radio Biafra that broadcast separatist messages to Nigeria from London. Ipob was designated as terrorist organisation in 2017 – and three years later Kanu created an armed wing.

The Eastern Security Network (ESN), as it was called, and other splinter groups have since been implicated in arson, kidnappings and killings of civilians and security personnel in five states across the south-east. ESN has been in control of several towns in Imo and Anambra states where thousands were forced from their homes.

For years, the separatists, who have killed many prominent people in the south-east, have imposed a stay-at-home order on Mondays, causing much economic hardship.

Earlier this year, Simon Ekpa, leader of a breakaway faction of Ipob called Biafra Republic Government In Exile, was convicted in Finland of terrorism and other activities in Nigeria’s south-east.

Last week, Kanu was convicted in Nigeria on terrorism-related charges and given a life sentence.

Ahead of the judgement, he had written to Trump urging the US to investigate “killings of Christians and Igbo people” and his group and others have been promoting the “Christian genocide” narrative in America, a BBC investigation into documents filed with the US justice department shows.

Read The Full Article Here Now

 
Continue Reading
Click to comment

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Breaking News

Troops Repel ISWAP Attack on Borno Military Base, Kill Several Terrorists, Recover Arms [PHOTOS]

Published

on

Troops of Operation HADIN KAI (OPHK) have repelled a coordinated attack by ISWAP terrorists targeting soldiers carrying out stabilisation operations in Mairari, Guzamala Local Government Area of Borno State.....TAP TO CONTINUE READING

The attack, which occurred late on Friday, involved an attempt by the terrorists to breach the military base using two Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Devices (VBIEDs). The devices were swiftly detected and neutralised by troops, preventing any penetration of the base.

CCTV footage from the scene confirmed that several terrorists were killed, while others sustained serious injuries. Surviving fighters were seen evacuating their dead and wounded during their retreat.

According to the Theatre Command, troops from Sector 3 OPHK/MNJTF, supported by the Theatre Command Quick Reaction Group, the Nigeria Police Crack Team and the Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF), conducted a follow-up operation in the early hours of December 13, 2025.

The operation led to the discovery of multiple terrorist corpses and a cache of weapons, ammunition and logistics abandoned during the terrorists’ hurried withdrawal.

Items recovered include AK-47 rifles, magazines and ammunition, belts of PKT rounds, hand grenades, motorcycles, communication devices, combat gear, as well as medical and sustainment supplies, all pointing to sustained terrorist activity in the area.

The OPHK spokesperson, Lt. Col. Sani Una, confirmed that the two VBIEDs were destroyed by the operation’s defensive fire system, resulting in damage to the road at two separate points. He added that no breach of the Forward Operating Base (FOB) occurred, underscoring the troops’ preparedness and resilience.

He noted that the recoveries have significantly weakened the terrorists’ operational capacity and curtailed their ability to operate freely in the area.

Troops are currently maintaining dominance of the general area through aggressive fighting patrols to prevent further attacks and reassure local communities of a sustained security presence.

Read The Full Article Here Now

 
Continue Reading

Breaking News

‘One of the shining stars of my cabinet’ – Tinubu celebrates Wike on his 58th Birthday

Published

on

President Bola Ahmed Tinubu has congratulated the Minister of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Chief Nyesom Wike, on his birthday, December 13, praising his performance in office and contributions to national development.....TAP TO CONTINUE READING

In a statement issued on Friday and signed by the President’s Special Adviser on Information and Strategy, Bayo Onanuga, President Tinubu joined family, friends and associates in celebrating the former Rivers State governor, thanking God for a life marked by service, purpose and courage.

The President described Wike as an audacious and result-oriented leader who consistently overcomes challenges to deliver impactful projects. He particularly acknowledged the ongoing transformation of the Federal Capital Territory, citing major infrastructure expansion initiatives under the Minister’s leadership.

President Tinubu highlighted Wike’s recent intervention that resolved a 14-year delay in the construction of the Apo–Karshi Road, describing the development as a significant milestone in improving connectivity within the nation’s capital.

Commending the Minister’s resilience, “can-do” attitude and commitment to excellence, the President said Wike has distinguished himself as one of the standout performers in the Federal Executive Council.

“Nyesom Wike has been one of the shining stars in the cabinet, an exceptional performer, developing infrastructure in the Federal Capital as never seen before and proving that his moniker as ‘Mr Project’ is not limited to his home state of Rivers,” Tinubu said.

He further praised the Minister for supporting the administration’s Renewed Hope Agenda, noting his contributions despite belonging to a different political party.

President Tinubu wished Chief Wike a happy birthday and prayed for renewed strength as he continues his work in advancing development across the FCT.

Read The Full Article Here Now

 
Continue Reading

Breaking News

Police withdrawal: DSS officers lobby for VIP escort roles

Published

on

Following President Bola Tinubu’s withdrawal of police escorts from VIPs, some officers of the Department of State Services have started lobbying influential Nigerians to take them on as personal security details, Saturday PUNCH has learnt.....TAP TO CONTINUE READING

President Tinubu had, on November 24, ordered the withdrawal of all police officers attached to VIPs and politicians as part of an aggressive push against escalating nationwide threats, including kidnapping spikes in Kwara, Kebbi, Niger and other parts of the North.

A statement by the President’s Special Adviser on Information and Strategy, Bayo Onanuga, said Tinubu directed armed operatives from the Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps to take up the VIP protection duties from the police.

In fulfilment of the President’s directive, the Inspector-General of Police, Kayode Egbetokun, three days later, said a total of 11,566 personnel had been withdrawn from VIP duties and redeployed.

Addressing journalists in Abuja, Egbetokun said the order was designed to refocus policing on communities ravaged by crime.

Saturday PUNCH gathered that following the police recall, prominent Nigerians have been reaching out to the NSCDC and private security companies for the supply of orderlies and security escorts.

Also, findings revealed that some DSS officers have been approaching some of the highly placed VIPs to request that they ask their state directors to deploy them as new security guards.

The secret meeting

One of the VIPs, who spoke with one of our correspondents in Lagos on Thursday, said the DSS officers who had been relating with him for long saw the withdrawal of the policemen as an opportunity to serve in a “juicy place.”

He said the secret policemen had met him twice to ask that he speak with their state director and request that they be deployed as his new security guards.

The VIP, a top executive at a Federal Government revenue-generating agency in Lagos, said, “The policemen attached to me were withdrawn last week, and I was considering getting men of the Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps.

“But these DSS officers are showing up and presenting themselves as alternatives. They came here twice to request that I speak with their state director so they can be deployed here as my new security details. They are known persons to me, so they must have seen this place as a juicy area.”

Asked if he would consider their request, the VIP said, “I am not sure. The reason being that what is the total number of the DSS?”

Similarly, an aide to a businessman and religious leader in Osogbo, Osun State, told Saturday PUNCH that he was aware of the interest of some DSS officers in being deployed to the man after his policemen were withdrawn.

The aide, who spoke on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the matter, disclosed that some DSS officers had approached the businessman’s children to indicate interest in becoming the new security details.

“I know that some DSS have got across to Baba’s children, telling them to speak with him so he can influence their deployment to him. They want to replace the policemen who have been withdrawn,” he said.

However, a senior DSS officer who is aware of his colleagues’ moves said some of the personnel making the move are “lower cadre.”

According to him, unlike the police, the DSS has strict rules on attaching its officers to VIPs, adding that the current Director-General of the Service, Adeola Ajayi, eradicated “arbitrary posting.”

“I’m aware that some of our men are seeking to replace policemen attached to some high-profile VIPs. I don’t want to talk much about that, but I can tell you that those making the move are lower cadre, not senior officers.

“The new rule under the current DG is that anybody above Level 13 should not be deployed to VIPs except to the governor or the State House in Abuja. The DG has eradicated arbitrary deployment. So, those seeking to be attached to the VIPs now may be engaging in a wild goose chase,” he said.

Another DSS officer told Saturday PUNCH that providing protection for VIPs is part of the agency’s statutory responsibility, even as he cautioned his colleagues against being “desperate” to secure such postings.

“There is an element of truth in every rumour. That some officers are lobbying to be deployed to VIPs after the withdrawal of police may be true. However, it is wrong to assume that attaching DSS personnel to VIPs is out of place. No. We have the statutory responsibility to protect VIPs.

“But the deployment of any officer will follow all established protocols, which are not for public consumption. So, those eyeing ‘juicy’ postings or deployment to highly placed VIPs should remember that it is not automatic,” he said.

Demand for private escorts surges

Findings by Saturday PUNCH show that demand for private security escorts has surged nationwide following the President’s directive to withdraw policemen from VIPs.

Several security operators, who spoke to our correspondents in separate interviews on Thursday, confirmed that they had received multiple requests for travel escorts from VIPs across the country.

The Managing Director of Sheriff Deputies, Mr Island Anyasi, said the spike in demand had also come with fresh challenges.

“The demand has increased since that order was given by the President,” he said.

“We, as private companies, have always worked with the police and the NSCDC to fulfil those VIP protection duties. But now, we have been restricted to the NSCDC. But they are overwhelmed with demands at this time, and they seem ill-prepared to fill that gap.”

Anyasi noted that requests had doubled in the past week, mostly from individuals preparing for interstate travel.

“Even if we are not carrying arms, you still need to secure yourselves. So, people are making those demands to buffer their security in the absence of armed personnel,” he added.

Similarly, the Lagos Operations Manager for Proton Company Limited, Mr Felix Bamgbose, confirmed a sharp rise in requests from highly placed personalities.

He said the demand had been far above the usual level in the past week, adding that the withdrawal of police personnel had also affected their operations.

“Over the past one week, we have received high requests for our security guards. The request has been a lot more than the usual. But the police withdrawal has also affected our services,” he said.

Bamgbose noted that while private security guards could not carry firearms, some firms were licensed to deploy armed escorts through partnerships with agencies permitted to bear arms.

“It is the licence that makes us eligible for the partnership,” he added.

The Managing Director of Chogon Private Security Company Ltd, Mr Anselm Ozueh, also described the surge as unprecedented.

He said, “The request for escorts has been increasing daily because of that singular announcement. Before now, VIP protection has been what the Nigeria police offer to highly placed personalities in society. But the President’s order has made private security companies stand in the gap. Before, we usually have about 20 per cent demand for our security escorts. But right now, it has jumped to 70 per cent.”

Ozueh said he received calls from Abuja, Anambra, Lagos and Oyo on Thursday alone.

Explaining why VIPs still demand escorts despite the guards being unarmed, he said, “The confidence was supposed to be in the arms, the rifle. But right now, there is no rifle. But those coming perhaps believe that it is better to move around with someone who has a bit of security knowledge than to travel all alone.

“The escorts can come in the way of a bodyguard, a bouncer or someone who has a certain level of security intelligence to accompany you and help ward off small miscreants.”

He noted that in view of the rising demand, a circular was sent on Wednesday to private security companies on how they could request armed escorts from the NSCDC.

Senate says no plan to seek protection for lawmakers

Meanwhile, the Senate has dismissed concerns that it is seeking special security protection for its members, insisting there is “no plan whatsoever” to pursue collective protection.

Speaking in an interview with Saturday PUNCH, Senate spokesperson, Yemi Adaramodu, said the upper chamber had not discussed, considered or contemplated any move to request security cover for senators as a group.

He noted that, as with other government officials, individual lawmakers were free to make personal arrangements for their protection.

Adaramodu stressed that the President’s declaration of a national security emergency already provided a clear and uniform procedure for everyone in public office.

He explained that the President had directed anyone requiring personal security, including senators, to approach the NSCDC and make a formal request.

“What we understand is that, following the President’s declaration of a security emergency, all security agencies, especially the police, must ensure they have enough personnel to confront the current challenges. We fully support the President on this. He has already made it clear that anyone who needs protection should approach the NSCDC and make a formal request.

“Every senator should simply follow that procedure and contact the NSCDC for security arrangements. Even in the past, when former senators needed protection, the Senate never met to make such requests on their behalf. There will be no time when the Senate sits to seek special security provisions for its members.

“The President has already advised all government officials, whether senators, ministers or heads of agencies, to reach out to the NSCDC if they require security.”

Adaramodu urged senators to remain calm, assuring them that the security agencies, particularly the police, had been tasked with strengthening manpower in response to the country’s rising security threats.

“There is no reason for senators to panic. Besides, more police personnel will soon be recruited. There are ongoing plans to add about 50,000 officers to the force,” he added.

Attacks on VIPs could trigger tension — Forest guards

In the meantime, the Commander General of the Nigeria Forest Security Service, Joshua Osatimehin, has warned that any attack or abduction involving a senator, minister or other high-profile individual could trigger tension in the country.

He spoke in an interview with Saturday PUNCH, while listing the potential risks and implications of the police escort withdrawal from the VIPs.

Osatimehin, however, noted that the organisation was ready to provide protection for the important personalities, as his men had been offering such services long before the latest instruction.

“The President’s order is not a lasting solution to insecurity because if any senator is abducted or harmed, it will create tension among Nigerians,” he said.

“If a senator or a minister can be kidnapped, what hope does an ordinary Nigerian have? What image would Nigeria be portraying to the international community?”

Osatimehin emphasised that insecurity must be tackled from its roots, especially in the forests where criminal groups operate.

He also acknowledged that the Forest Guards lacked the manpower and equipment required to provide full VIP protection.

As a volunteer-based organisation with limited access to weapons, he said their capacity remained restricted.

“We can only do our best within the limits of our capacity. We are a volunteer group, and we are limited to bear some rifles. So, the only solution to this issue is for the government to commission us officially so that we have access to modern and sophisticated weapons to fight insecurity,” he said.

Read The Full Article Here Now

 
Continue Reading

Trending

All Right Reserved | Copyright © 2025 3ppleloaded News | Powered by 3ppleloaded.ng |