Lifestyle
Why AA Genotype Are Vulnerable To Malaria
In Nigeria, high breeding of malaria vectors (mosquitoes) and transmission rate occur throughout the year, especially during the rainy season. Mosquitoes typically accompany the rains as a result of the increased number of breeding sites occasioned by incessant rains. The wet weather conditions hereby provide bountiful opportunities to find stagnant water for mosquitoes to breed. Thus, malaria is spread by the bite of vector-carrying mosquitoes known as female Anopheles.
Malaria is a parasitic disease caused by a parasite of the genus Plasmodium. This parasite is transmitted to humans commonly through mosquito bites. Usually, people get malaria by being bitten by an infective female Anopheles mosquito. This must have been infected through a previous blood meal taken from an infected person. When a mosquito bites an infected person, a portion of the blood is taken in, which contains the malaria parasites. About one week later, when the mosquito takes its next blood meal, these parasites mix with the mosquito’s saliva and are injected into the person being bitten.
Genotype is the genetic makeup of an individual inherited from parents. Typically, there are five (5) distinct types of genotype. They are AA, AS, AC, SS, and SC. The first 2 pairs (AA & AS) are normal, AC is rare while the latter two (SS & SC) are anomalous, commonly causing sickle cell disease. Usually, the red blood cells are round and flexible and can move easily through blood vessels, however, in sickle cell disease, the red blood cells are shaped like sickles. These rigid, sticky sickled cells can get stuck in small blood vessels thereby slowing or blocking blood flow and oxygen supply to parts of the body. Consequently, sickle cell disease occurs when an individual’s blood cells are shaped in a deformed and abnormal manner, potentially blocking blood flow and causing pain and damage to vital organs.
In the digestive process of the malaria parasite, the toxic portion of the haemoglobin called haemin (ferriprotoporphyrin) is converted to the non-toxic substance called haemozoin by the parasite enzyme (malarial haem polymerase) thus enabling the parasite to survive, fueling the duplication and replication process. Haemoglobin S (HbS) unlike haemoglobin A (HbA) is deoxygenated, polymerized and poorly digested by the parasite. As a result, haemin accumulates thereby inhibiting the replication and survival of the parasite in HbS containing red blood cells. This is the major reason why the malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum) survives and thrives well in the AA genotype compared to other genotypes thereby contributing to the malaria susceptibility of people with the AA genotype.
The malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum) has a high rate of oxygen consumption and utilizes large amounts of haemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying pigment and predominant protein in the red blood cells) during the blood stage of replication and duplication. This thus makes the malaria parasite thrive better in AA genotype since genotype AA red blood cells contain normal haemoglobin both in quantity and structure.
Hence, it is important to avoid mosquito bites by taking necessary precautionary measures of getting rid of their breeding sites, especially as it regards to the present weather condition. To reduce the risk of mosquitoes breeding in stagnant water, do the following:-
Turn buckets and watering cans over and store them under shelter so that water does not accumulate.
Remove excess water from plant pots and plates.
Clean animal/bird water feeders daily.
Scrub containers before use.
Loosen soil from potted plants, to prevent puddles from forming on the surface.
Use non-perforated gully traps, install anti-mosquito valves and cover any traps that are rarely used.
Do not place receptacles under an air-conditioning unit.
Prevent leaves from blocking anything that may result in the accumulation of puddles or stagnant water.
Clean water from AC-Cooler regularly.
Also, Malaria can be controlled by doing the following:
Avoid mosquitoes (use long-lasting insecticide-treated mosquito nets, apply mosquito repellents or long clothing to reduce the chance of bites).
Door and window screens (Structural barriers, such as netting on the windows prevent mosquitoes from entering our homes and workspaces).
Timing (Try to avoid being outside at dawn and dusk)
Antimalarial drugs should not be used at will. Do not self-medicate! When you have a fever, headache and chills, please go to the hospital to get tested. Not every fever or headache is a symptom of malaria.
Lifestyle
Urinary Tract Diseases Kill Silently – Stop Taking Too Much of These 3 Things If You Want to Stay Healthy and Live Longer
Urinary tract diseases — including UTIs, bladder irritation, and kidney infections — can become dangerous when ignored. Once an infection spreads from the bladder to the kidneys or bloodstream, it can escalate into a serious health emergency. While anyone can be affected, your daily habits and diet play a major role in protecting your urinary system.....TAP TO CONTINUE READING
Below are three things you should reduce immediately if you want to keep your urinary tract healthy and avoid future complications. If you’re curious about the deeper meaning behind dreams like snakes, floods, or old houses, the full breakdown is available on NewsVista.
1. Too Much Sugar
Excess sugar weakens the body’s natural defenses and creates a perfect breeding ground for bacteria. Drinks and snacks packed with sugar — like soda, flavored yogurts, cakes, sweets, and packaged juices — can irritate the bladder and worsen infections.
High sugar levels also increase your risk of diabetes, which leads to more frequent urinary infections because excess sugar in the urine feeds bacteria. Cutting down on sugar helps your body fight infections faster.
Healthier choices: clean water, unsweetened beverages, fruits like apples, pawpaw, watermelon, and berries.
2. Excess Salt
Salt doesn’t directly cause infections, but consuming too much of it dehydrates the body. Dehydration reduces your urine output, allowing bacteria to stay longer in your urinary tract instead of being flushed out.
Foods like instant noodles, processed meats, canned foods, chips, and salty snacks strain the kidneys and worsen irritation.
Tip: drink more water and reduce processed, salty meals.
3. Excessive Alcohol
Alcohol irritates the bladder lining and triggers dehydration, which leads to less urine flow. When urine remains in the bladder for too long, bacteria multiply quickly, increasing the risk of infections.
If you already have symptoms such as frequent urination, lower stomach pain, or burning urine, alcohol will worsen your discomfort and slow down recovery.
Rule: moderation is key — limit alcohol and hydrate properly.
Final Advice
To maintain a strong, healthy urinary system, drink enough water, practice proper hygiene, avoid holding urine for too long, and eat a balanced diet. If you experience persistent symptoms like fever, pain, or blood in urine, seek medical attention immediately.
Lifestyle
Why a Bird Knocking on Your Window Could Be a Powerful Spiritual Sign
According to our report, when a bird knocks on your window, it may carry more than curiosity—it could be a spiritual message. Many believe such visits are messengers from the spirit world, including guidance from deceased loved ones.....TAP TO CONTINUE READING
These encounters are often seen as warnings or signs, urging you to pay attention to your life or specific decisions. If you’re curious about the deeper meaning behind dreams like snakes, floods, or old houses, the full breakdown is available on NewsVista.
They can also signal a need for introspection, prompting reflection on your thoughts, actions, and choices.
Some interpretations link bird knocks to periods of transition and personal transformation, encouraging growth and change. Others view it as a sign of protection and guidance, indicating unseen forces are watching over you.
Finally, it may be a gentle reminder to reconnect with nature and live in harmony with the world around you. These small encounters could carry profound meaning for those who notice.
Lifestyle
Dear Men, Your Woman Is Cheap If You See These 5 Signs From Her
Discover the natural secret formula to make your manhood bigger, stronger, and longer, also ending premature ejaculation and infertility issues without side effects within a short period. Click here now.....TAP TO CONTINUE READING
Let’s be clear: the term “cheap” doesn’t refer to financial status or background—it speaks more to how someone carries themselves, how they treat others, and the value they place on relationships.
As a man, it’s important to recognize when a woman may not have self-respect or may not be investing in you emotionally, mentally, or morally. Here are five signs that should raise concern:
1. She’s Easily Impressed by Material Things – If her attention and loyalty shift based on money, gifts, or flashy appearances, it may signal that she’s more interested in what you can give her than who you truly are.
2. She Has No Standards or Boundaries – A woman who doesn’t value her own worth will often accept anything from anyone and make choices that lack dignity or self-respect.
3. She Disrespects You Publicly or Privately – If she talks down to you, belittles your efforts, or constantly compares you to others, it shows a lack of respect and emotional maturity.
4. She’s Involved With Multiple Men for Benefits – If she’s constantly entertaining other men behind your back or using people for what they can offer, it’s a clear sign her intentions aren’t genuine.
5. She’s Not Interested in Growth – A woman who’s not building anything with you—spiritually, financially, emotionally but only takes, is not a partner, she’s a distraction.
Value yourself enough to choose someone who values themselves and you. A healthy relationship starts with mutual respect and clear intentions.
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